Islam Acceptance, Surrender, Submission, and Commitment

Islam is a monotheistic religion that originated in 622 CE, in the Arabian peninsula. This religion puts a lot of emphasis on submission and full commitment to God, who they have named Allah. They express this commitment through their frequent rituals. Muslims have five pillars of practice and must apply their best effort towards these in order to be considered a true Muslim. First, is Shahadah, the declaration that they believe God is one and that Muhammad is the last prophet of God. Secondly, they have their formal prayer five times a day. Thirdly, Muslims practice fasting during the daylight hours in the month of Ramadan. Fourthly, They must give 2.5% of their savings to the needy at the end of each year. Fifthly, they must pilgrim to†¦show more content†¦They have a word that represents the inner struggle one endures in trying to submit their will to the will of God -†jihad†. Muslims believe that everyone will be judged for his or her deeds. Each person’s good deeds will be balanced with their bad ones. If the good deeds are more significant than the bad ones, they will live eternally in heaven. If the bad ones outweigh the good, they will be condemned to eternal fire. The Quran also states that eac h person will receive a book containing an account of all their actions. If the book is placed in the right hand, they are destined for heaven. If it is in the left, they are doomed to Hell (Jahannam). At the end times, people will gather at a bridge called Sirat. This bridge spans the fires of hell. There are very specific festivals involved in the Islamic religion.The festival that is most important to Muslims is to make their pilgrimage (hajj) on the twelfth month (DHu al-Hijjah) On the tenth day of Dhu al-Hijjah they celebrate the Feast of Sacrifices (Eid al-Adha). This ritual celebrates Abraham’s willingness to sacrifice his own son. In honor of the event, the male heads of each household (who can afford to do so) are expected to sacrifice a sheep, cow, goat, or camel. The animal must face Mecca, and its throat must be cut quickly. The meat is cooked and one-third is sharedShow MoreRelatedThe Religion of Islam Essay1518 Words   |  7 Pagesmorality. For Christianity, the appropriate question is What do Christians believe? In contrast, for Islam, the correct question is What do Muslims do? Whereas in Christianity, theology was the queen of sciences, in Islam, law enjoyed pride of place, for to accept or conform to the laws of god is Islam, which means to surrender to Gods law. Because Islam means surrender or submission to the will of God, Muslims have tended to place primary emphasis on obeying or following Gods will asRead MoreIslam Religion2627 Words   |  11 PagesI think is snarled upon, especially in this area and after 9/11 incident, Shia Islam. I wanted to gain a different perspective and a positive one at that. Overwhelmed with all the information I was collecting, I had to narrow it down. The following is what I felt was the highlights and the most important aspects of the Shia Islam religion. I want to start off with a short summary of what I have learned. Islam is the proper name of a religion; it is not pronounced, Izlam, with a â€Å"z†sound.Read MoreThe Contribution Of Islam And Islam3730 Words   |  15 PagesOutline the contribution to Islam of ONE significant person or school of thought other than Muhammad and the Four Rightly Guided Caliphs. Sayyid Qutb’s contributions lie in his books and writings, which express his values and perspectives. He wrote a total of 24 book and articles criticising the American way of living and the Arab world for trying to become westernised. Social Justice in Islam was written first, expressing his belief in tawhid (unity in God) and in Islam as the only way of life. HeRead MoreGarments Internship Report12057 Words   |  49 PagesC H A P T E R O N E 1. INTRODUCTION: We are living a time that needs and demands special attention and firm commitment towards practicing ethical norms and value and environmental safety at all the manufacturing facilities. The management of mohammadi group has a great responsibility to influence the conditions under which it manufactures the product. While accepting the facts the management understands and respects the different norms, ethic and values it encounter and does not compromise violationRead MoreHistory of Pakistan18783 Words   |  76 PagesHindu majority was not safe, they changed their demand to a separate state. The ideology of Pakistan stemmed from the instinct of the Muslim community of South Asia to maintain their individuality in the Hindu society. The Muslims believed that Islam and Hinduism are not only two religions, but are two social orders that produced two distinct cultures. There is no compatibility between the two. A deep study of the history of this land proves that the differences between Hindus and Muslims are notRead MoreLoan Disbursement and Recovery System of Ific Bank Limited18002 Words   |  73 Pagesand Recovery System of International Finance Investment and Commerce Bank Limited† Internship Report â€Å"Loan Disbursement and Recovery System of International Finance Investment and Commerce Bank Limited† Submitted to: Md. Shajul Islam Assistant Professor Department of Business Administration Stamford University Bangladesh Submitted by: Md. Razib Ahamed ID No: BBA 03712192 An internship report submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the Degree of Bachelor of BusinessRead MorePunjabi9291 Words   |  38 Pagesgreatly influenced Gandhis critical attitude towards modern science and medicine. Similarly, Leo Tolstoys Che Kingdom of God is within You exerted a tremendous influence on Gandhis views on the repressive character of the modern state and his commitment to non-violent resistance. Gandhi acknowledged that reading Tolstoy madq him realise the infinite possibilities of universal love and made him a firm believer in ahimsa. Gandhi and Tolstoy corresponded with each other. In his last letter toRead MoreOne Significant Change That Has Occurred in the World Between 1900 and 2005. Explain the Impact This Change Has Made on Our Lives and Why It Is an Important Change.163893 Words   |  656 Pagesliberation of most of humanity from colonial rule. The collapse of the Soviet empire, and the freeing of its satellite states across Eastern Europe beginning in the late 1980s, marked another major watershed that further problematizes uncritical acceptance of the historical coherence of the chronological twentieth century. And the reunification of Germany and the reemergence of international terrorism, which were powerfully symptomatic of the unprecedented reach and intensity of the processes of

Partisan Politics A Republican Party Point Of View

Partisan Politics: A Republican Party Point of View In the 1790s, partisan politics emerged due to the opposing views on how the new nation should be governed. The two parties that developed were the Federalists and the Democratic –Republicans. The Republicans were a group that believed in the strong states’ rights, restricted power for the federal government, and a stern clarification of the Constitution. Thomas Jefferson and James Madison led the party. The Republicans ideal government favored liberty and believed that the government should be receptive to the people. The party believed that the states’ should be dominant in governing because they wanted assurance that individual liberties would be protected from government tyrants. The†¦show more content†¦During the debate, Thomas Jefferson stated that, â€Å"The incorporation of a bank, and the powers assumed by this bill, have not, in my opinion, been delegated to the United States, by the Constitution.† The Republicans believed that the creation of the bank would put too much power into the hands of the elite and that could possibly lead to corruption. In Debate on the First National Bank, it was stated that Congress would have the power to do whatever would be for the good of the United States; and they would be the sole judges of the good or evil, which would give them power to do whatever evil they pleased. The Republicans wanted to eliminate all debt incurred by the new nation. However, according to the bill for the proposal of a National Bank, they would be borrowing money that they did not have and others would have to pay it back. Jefferson and his supporters did not believe that it was fair to the economically stable states to take on the financial burden of those states that were fiscally irresponsible. In theory, the National Bank would benefit the North more so than the South. The southern states had become successful in agriculture and able to pay their debts. They wanted agriculture to become the backbone of the nation and anticipated that agriculture could lead them to nationwide prosperity. Yet, there were many in the country that did not have faith in the ideals and decisions of the common people. The Federalists were

Coca-Cola Company Struggles with Ethical Issues free essay sample

Many of the ethical issues surfaced when Warren Buffet resigned in 2006 and Doug Ivester took over. Ivester lacked leadership and as a result, the company faced many ethical issues. Ivester tenure was symbolic in that it was short-lived. This was a serious public relations glitch for a company who for so long, performed flawlessly. Ivester was replaced by Doug Daft, the former president and chief operating officer. Unfortunately, Daft had no success in derailing the controversies. In early 2000, Coca-cola was embroiled in ethical scandals such as racial discrimination, misrepresenting market test and manipulating earnings. Text Questions 1. Why do you think Coca-Cola has had one ethical issue to resolve after another over the last decade or so? In 2000, Coca-Cola failed to make the top ten of Fortune’s annual â€Å"America’s Most Admired Companies† list for the first time in a decade. Many believe this was a direct result of the contamination scare in June of 1999. We will write a custom essay sample on Coca-Cola Company Struggles with Ethical Issues or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page 30 Belgian kids became ill after consuming Coca-Cola. Rather than come out right away and defends its product, Coca-Cola took several days to respond. I believe that as a result of this global crisis, Coca-Cola panicked and spiraled out of control. This company was operating on a high level for a decade and to be hit with such a scandal rocked the foundation the core. 2. A news analyst said that coca-cola could become the next Enron. Do you think this is possible? I do not believe that this case is similar to Enron. Enron’s culture was one of greed and win-at-all-cost mentality. Enron leadership created an atmosphere of invincibility. This was evident by the â€Å"rank-and-yank† system implemented to rid of those who were rated at the bottom 20 percent. This forced employees to engage in questionable practices in order to maintain their standing within the company.

Control Environment of a Company Free-Samples Myassignmenthelp.com

Questions: 1.Identify and briefly discuss five factors at SCU you would need to consider in your assessment of the Effectiveness of SCUs control Environment? 2.Identify five Effective Internal Controls in the System and determine for each internal control, the risk that the Control would/could Mitigate. 3.Identify and briefly discuss ten Weaknesses in Internal Control for sales and trade receivables that you would bring to SCU Managements notice in your Management letter. Answers: 1.ISA 315, sets out the examiners accountability to identify and measure the risks of substantial statements which are mistated in the financial declarations, through considerate the entity and its atmosphere including the entitys inner controL. The control atmosphere includes the meanings, arrogances, consciousness and movements of those accountable for supremacy and organization regarding the entitys internal control and its position in the unit. The five factors at SCU that would be considered in the valuation of the efficiency of SCU control enviironment are:- Organisational Structure Proper organisation structure is necessary The organisation structure is the tool by which the entity doings for attaining its objectives are prearranged, executed, skilful and reviewed. Any entity that is appropriate can be seen by the companys size of opeerations. For example any company which has offices all over the world has different priorities than a company which is just sictuated in one country and having limited number of operations. Usually, an auditor may rationally imagine there to be a optimistic association amongst the level of intrinsic risk and the size and difficulty of a businesss processes. ISA 315,Classifying and Measuring the Risks of Statements that is mistated through Considering the Entity and Its Environment,sets out the examiners accountability to identify and measure the risks of substantial misstatement in the financial declarations, through considerate the entity and its atmosphere including the entitys internal controLThe cash team should be responsible to be answerable to the management team, Also there should be proper guarantee that adequate reportage associations and approval hierarchies are in place The assignment of responsibility is very much requiredThe authority , the persons delegating opertations, the end person maintaining the company should be in form to meet the desired objectives of the company. In SCU the organisation should be skillfull and proper risks should be identified at periods. Assignmnent Of Authority And Accountability The Large the company is , more operations are being conducted.There is larger degree of amount of task of authority and accountability that is essential. In SUC the team should be interconnected. The cash team should be responsible to be answerable to the management team, They also need to guarantee that adequate journalism associations and authorisation hierarchies are in place The assignment of responsibility is very much required . For example here if any clerk is apoointed so the payroll apartment is required toenter the clerk name in the payroll master file. In this company if supposedly not having enough authority over the activities it wil lead to misleading financial statements, misleading information. In this if the staff recives any sales return it needs to be checked byt the appropriate team and the information needs to be delivered to the Accounts recievabble team so that they can issue a credit note in respect of the same.In SCU when the staff is checking any pilferage area , the trade recievable clerk is doing his job and the financial conrtroller is doing his. There should be assignment of authority and responsibilty. Inclusion Of Those Charged With Governance The directors are generally charged with governance and are responsible for conducting the affairs of the company. He is accountable to the administration , shareholders and other authorities. Given the inspiration that the actions of managements have on a businesss inner control, the extent of their norml day to day operayion active participation in the companys processes has a inescapable effect on the internal control of the business. The degree of each managers contribution is largely prejudiced by the nature of their specialized correction and their individual viewpoint about how they should transmit out their individual roles. Though, they may insist on nursing action by way of receiving of formal description reports In SCU the directors are not playing any major role which should be the case. The directors should take in charge of some of the important matters. Policies And Practices Of Human Resources Proper recruitment of human resources are necessary to create good the control in the entity, It needs to make sure that only the deserving indiviuals need to be in the company . For the new entrants there should be proper induction that should be conducted so that they carry their duties more poperly and effectively. Proper trainings and proper coach should be allocated to them s that they can tell all their problems to them. Proper recruitment of human resources are necessary to create good the control in the entity, It needs to make sure that only the deserving indiviuals need to be in the company Proper appraisal should be there so that the employees are motivated to work better and more performanace track and feedbacks should be implemented so that the employees need to know where they are lacking and make proper efforts to develop. Employment conclusion procedures should integrate provision for an exit conference so that the aim for the end can be established or explained, all payments due to the employee can be established and measures can be made for the return of all corporation assets prior to the finish date (Accounting tools, 2017) Communication Of Ethical Values Proper ethical values should be communicated to the employees . It is obvious that such standards do happen and are transferred effectively to workers and personnel and enforced, this will have the effect of increasing self-assurance and self-confidence in the enterprise, management and nursing of controls. When requested to clarify what is meant by the period control environment, they characteristically comment that it is a constituent of a businesss internal control and that it focuses about how a corporation is functioned by its organisation, dazzling such substances as their attitude and functioning elegance. Given the inspiration that the actions of managements have on a businesss internal control, the extent of their normal business active participation in the companys processes has an inescapable effect on the internal control of the business (Control Environment, 2017) 2.An internal control is the practice by the business which is incorporated within an organization to create some amount of value and to minimize risk Proper internal control are very important to detect fraud and error in the organization. There are many meanings of internal control, as it touches the various electorates (stakeholders) of an organization in numerous ways and at dissimilar levels of combination. All invoices must be official for expense by the economical holder, although the actual checking of particulars may be surrogate. The approving subdivision is accountable for checking statements for accurateness in relations of statistics and conventionality with the order sited, that the amenities or goods have been established, and subsequent up any problems. General speaking there are two types of internal control, firstly there is Preventive Control They are organised to prevent any error in the company. It helps to meet the objectives in time. Precautionary control actions aim to detect the example of mistakes or fraud. Preventive activities include thorough certification and agreement practices. Preventive control actions stop unwanted "activities" from trendy, thus need well thought out procedures and danger documentation. Detective Controls They are implemented after any error or any mishappening have occurred in the organisation. Unless the organisation is happy to let the whole thing become completely incompetent, the secretarial system will need to start various rules and guidelines which will start an in-house control system, for example: n the founding of money bounds for certain businesses and the meaning of levels of accountability for approving communications n the need for referral of conclusion making to another individual when required. Defining whether a specific internal control scheme is real is a decision resulting from an valuation of whether the five mechanisms - Control Atmosphere, Threat Assessment, Control Doings, Evidence and Announcement, and Monitoring - are current and operative. Effective controls provide sensible pledge regarding the achievement of established purposes. Control atmosphere are the definite policies that ensures that the management are doing their job in a correct manner. They include a range of activities as varied as endorsements, approvals, corroborations, understandings, appraisals of working performance, safety of possessions and separation of obligations and responsibilities. Information and communication means that the necessary information should be identifies and seen so that the responsible individuals can carry their responsibilities. Every staff should have a message communicated from the top management regarding how to work and manage their work. hey must understand their own role in the interior control system, as well as how discrete doings relate to the work of others. They must have a means of collaborating noteworthy evidence upstream. Monitoring is a procedure that assesses the quality of the system's performance over time. It comprises steady organization and superintendent happenings, and other schedules employee s take in execution their obligations that evaluate the superiority of internal control scheme presentation. Risk valuation is actually a process of identifying an type of risk and seeing all the procedures and finding ways to mitigate it. Risks can relate to internal and external factors. After dangers have been recognized , it should definitely be evaluated. The five different type of internal controls that can be implemented can be:- Reconciliation Reconciliation is done so that the accounting balances can be match with the cash or bank balances or in case of fixed assists, the amount shown in the books can be matched with the receipts. Reconciliation in general mean that the amount should be matched with respective ledgers. Alterations or variances amongst these types of harmonizing accounts can expose errors or inconsistencies in the own accounts, or the mistakes may initiate with the other individuals. The risk that is available in it is that without any reconicaltion there can be robbery ,that is the cash balances wont match with respective accounts. The discrepancies cant be seen and we cant detect any amount of fault that is being made . At each month end, the trade receivables clerk prepares a reconciliation of the trade receivables ledger to the debtors control account in the general ledger (Audit risk, 2017) Documentation Documentation is a very important internal control. Normalizing documents used for monetary dealings, such as statements, inner supplies requests, record receipts and travel expenditure reports, can help to uphold constancy in keeping over time.Proper documentation will lead no misinterpretation. The risk of not proper documenting is that the records cant be maintained which will lead to any defaults and discrepancy. For example any sales return can be seen by the sales entry that is being made, without proper documentation a corporation cant suffice in long run. Launch secretarial routines to safeguard that no false dealings are administered and that all lawful dealings are logged for the precise quantity and books. In SCU a sales journal summarising all sales invoices is prepared monthly by the computer system. Separation of duties Duties should be segregated between individuals. Duties are separated among unlike people todecrease the risk of error or unsuitable action. Normally, tasks for authorizing dealings (approval), recording communications (accounting) and management the related asset are divided. It is very important to have segregation of duties as any person doing everything will actually lead to more risk as any error as he wont be able to identify any of his mistakes. Risks can be mitigated as the authorities will be handled by different persons which will reduce the risk of any default. Like the financial controller is soing his job, the trade recievale clerk is doing his jon, there is speration of reposibilitie at SCU Security of assests Security of assests are necessary like access to kit, stock , safeties, cash and other assets is limited; assets are periodically totalled and likened to quantities shown on control records. Proper records are maintained so that any discrepancies can be noted. For example ensuring that the cheque books are locked up and are controlled by someone who doesnt issue the checks, it needs to make sure that the passwords should not be known to anybody except the concerned person. And also depositing the receipts such as money orders, cash, in to the bank accounts each and every day. Authorization and approval Organization approves employees to achieve certain activities and to perform certain dealings within limited limits. In addition, organization stipulates those doings or dealings that need managerial support before they are achieved or implemented by teams. A managers support (manual or automated) suggests that he or she has confirmed and authenticated that the action or business imitates to recognized rules and events. Endorsement specialist is to be proportionate with the nature and implication of the communications and in agreement with University procedure (Markgraf, 2017). . Once completed, this document is passed on to the trade receivables clerk who raises a credit note and sends it to the customer in SCU 3.Every fraud that has been evolved till date is because of the low detection or no detection at all, no body monitors the work of thaw employees who make daily deposits in the bank. Therefore, this is the number one cause of revenue fraud wherever in books receivable. The key issue is the Control of the environment. Proper audit trail should be done so that the mistakes can be identified very sooner. Any fraud in the company can be identified with any documents that is missing or destroyed. So the invoices , duplicate invoices need s to checked very properly to avoid this (Dervaes, 2017) The flaws in internal control for trade receivables are:- The receivable transactions always go through journal that is the sales journal in the software and then it generates its own accounting entries. So sometimes the staffs have some manual entries which actually creates differences Some entities only collect funds from the balances of the current accounts. As just renowned, someone could interrupt incoming expenditures from clients and hide the theft with a credit memo. We should have password-protect admission to the billing software to stop the illicit group of credit memos. If an statement for a large-dollar quantity contains an mistake, the client may hold up sum until you send a reread invoice. Normally seeing the large invoices should be made to mitigate any risk associated with it Proper monetary of debtor balances are reviewed or not. Sometimes debtors credit period gets over and proper notice are not send to them regarding the payment with interest which leads to bad debts. Therefore proper monitoring is not made in respect of the balances. Duplicate invoices are not made which can be a greater weakness in the system Sometimes proper signature of the parties with authorization are not there which can create fictitious entries. If there are uncommon imbursement terms, authenticate them before generating an invoice. Then, accounts receivable will contain accounts that clienteles refuse to pay. This can be a great weakness as most of the customers refuse to pay Major weakness can be most of the cases debtors can give money in cash and then invoices are made of less amount. Proper invoicing is not done with the product amount As just noted, no one should be able to lever incoming purchaser payments and create credit memos, or else they will be able to take the currency and shelter their tracks with credit memos. Therefore, allocate these responsibilities to dissimilar persons. The secretarial staff may erroneously apply cash earnings to open statements, maybe not even smearing them to the books of the correct clients. Have the interior audit run occasionally trace an assortment of money receipts to client invoices to verify good cash application (Lohrey, 2017). Sometimes the employed approval of the credit department on all deals orders over a certain dollar amount which can be a weakness. The flaws in internal control for Sales are:- We need to see whether the materials that are delivered are being properly packed or not because this if not this will lead to defective sales. Major weakness can be recording of sales. Sales can be recorded as net of discounts, or cash discounts which is not allowed. Sometimes excessive invoice amount is there in sales and the extra money can be taken in cash which is actually a major weakness We see that the shipping documentation is not matched with the sales invoice which can proves as a defect in the internal control. Authorisation of the terms of credit is not properly verified. Segregation of duties should be there that is the receipt caretaker should not collect cash . Sales statements are not reconciled to the daily sales report. All shipping certification is not advanced to the billing section on a daily bases. An open-order files is not preserved and studied frequently in SCU Sometimes we see that one person is only responsible for taking all the orders from the customers recording all the entries and ensuring all the payments are properly made. This should not happen (Anggana, 2017) All sales and alterations are not correctly journalised abridged and dispatched to the correct accounts, transactions dont pertain to that particular period and also the there are some period adjustments References Control environment (2017).Control environment of a Company. [online] Available at: https://www.accaglobal.com/ie/en/student/exam-support-resources/fundamentals-exams-study-resources/f8/technical-articles/the-control-environment-of-a-company.html [Accessed 9th April. 2017].[1] Internal control(2017).Internal Controls. [online] Available at: https://f2.washington.edu/fm/fr/internal-controls [Accessed 9th April. 2017].[2] Ingram ,D(2017).Internal Controls. [online] Available at: https://smallbusiness.chron.com/seven-internal-control-procedures-accounting-76070.html [Accessed 9th April. 2017].[3] Audit Risk(2017).Internal controls [online] Available at: https://www.vanderbilt.edu/internalaudit/internal-control-guide/different-types.php [Accessed 9th April. 2017].[4] Internal control(2017).Internal control. [online] Available at: https://www.osbornebooksshop.co.uk/files/iap.pdf [Accessed 9th April. 2017].[5] Kansas State University(2017).Internal Audit. [online] Available at: https://www.k-state.edu/internalaudit/internal-controls/ [Accessed 9th April. 2017].[6] Non profit Risk management Centre(2017).Protecting assests withsound Controls [online] Available at: https://www.minnesotanonprofits.org/nonprofit-resources/financial-management/budgeting/protecting-assets-with-sound-internal-controls [Accessed 9th April. 2017].[7] Accounting tools (2017).Account Recievable [online] Available at: https://www.accountingtools.com/accounts-receivable-controls [Accessed 9th April. 2017].[8] Internal Control(2017)Internal Control. [online] Available at: https://opentuition.com/wp-content/blogs.dir/1/files/group-documents/15/1288628380-D.InternalControl.pdf [Accessed 9th April. 2017].[9] Dervaes, J(2017).Fraud in internal control. [online] Available at: https://www.fraudconference.com/uploadedfiles/fraud_conference/content/course-materials/presentations/23rd/ppt/12d-joe-dervaes.pdf [Accessed 9th April. 2017].[10] US Government office(2017).Weakness in Internal control. [online] Available at: https://www.gao.gov/products/AFMD-81-106 [Accessed 9th April. 2017].[11] Lohrey , J(2017).Control in Sales. [online] Available at: https://yourbusiness.azcentral.com/control-deficiencies-sales-cash-receipts-29200.html [Accessed 9th April. 2017].[12] Markgraf, B(2017).Control in COmpany. [online] Available at: https://yourbusiness.azcentral.com/assess-strengths-weaknesses-internal-company-controls-26816.html [Accessed 9th April. 2017].[13] Dervaes, J(2017).Fraud in internal control. [online] Available at: https://www.fraudconference.com/uploadedfiles/fraud_conference/content/course-materials/presentations/23rd/ppt/12d-joe-dervaes.pdf [Accessed 9th April. 2017].[14] Anggana , D(2017).Control in sales [online] Available at: https://www.academia.edu/8836030/The_Analysis_of_Control_Activities_of_Credit_Sales_and_Cash_Receipts_Activities_at_CV_Sahabat_Jaya_Motor [Accessed 9th April. 2017].[15]

Why Gay Marriages should not be Legalized

Introduction The traditional view of marriage as a union between two consenting adults of different sexes has been challenged by calls to give gay couples marriage rights. While same sex relationships were stigmatized and criminalized for centuries, the past 4 decades have witnessed a significant change in the society’s view of the issue. Same sex relations are legal in all developed countries and discrimination because of sexual orientation is not allowed.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Why Gay Marriages should not be Legalized specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Due to this positive view of homosexual relationships by the society, gay and lesbian groups have made calls for the legalization of gay marriages. These same-sex union activists argue that admittance of gays into the marriage institute will guarantee their equality with heterosexual couples. These calls have been met with opposition since not everyone agrees that gays should be allowed to enter into marriage. This paper will argue that gay marriages are detrimental to the society and as such, they should not be legitimized. Arguments against Gay Marriage Gay marriages will necessitate a change in the traditional definition of marriage in order to accommodate same-sex unions and this will lead to a breakdown in this revered institute that has served as the basic building block of society for centuries. In order to accommodate same sex unions, the definition of marriage will have to be changed from â€Å"union between a man and a woman† to â€Å"union between two consenting adults of same or different sexes. This redefinition will transform the institute with dire consequences for the society. The threat that gay marriage poses to the marriage institution was recognized by the former US President George W. Bush who acknowledged the importance of the traditional marriage institute for the welfare of the childre n and the stability of society (Baunach 346). President Bush asserted that allowing gay marriages would forever change the meaning of marriage and possibly destabilize the society. Allowing same gay marriage might lead to a demand for legitimization of polygamy, polyandry, and even incest. As it currently stands, there are strict laws dictating that only two unattached individuals of different sexes can enter into marriage. If same sex marriages are permitted, there is a danger that sexual preference will become a protected class. It is possible that the same arguments currently used by gay marriage proponents will be used by polygamists and incest advocates (Duncan 662). Proponents of gay marriages argue that this presumption is unfounded since their case is deferent from that offered by the other groups. While the particular arguments made in support of gay marriages are unique, the result of legalizing gay marriages is will be the creation of protected classes based on sexual pre ference. It is not implausible that advocates of polygamy, polygamists, and incest will seek similar protection since this unions are also based on sexual preferences. Allowing same sex marriages would be detrimental to the well being of children since a family containing a father and mother provides the best structure within which the child can grow and thrive. The family is the unit within which children are brought into the world and raised to be responsible citizens.Advertising Looking for research paper on gender studies? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Even though having children is not an obligation for married couples, majority of the people who enter into marriage end up having children. Proponents of gay marriages argue that same-sex couples are able to provide the love and safe environment for children just like their heterosexual counterparts. Bernheim argues that while gay couples can provide the same love and mat erial support to a child that heterosexual couples do, they cannot provide the necessary structure for the child to grow in (25). Research reveals that a unit containing a father and mother figure provides the best context for bringing up children. Children who have been brought up in a heterosexual environment fare better in terms of mental health, academic performance, and social adjustment then children who have been brought up in single parent or same-sex parent settings. Gay marriages will erode the specialness of the marriage institute and lead to a prevalence of immoral sexual conduct in society. Marriage is considered to be a â€Å"special institute† and children grow up hoping to one day join this institute. Because of this, marriage is able to act as a regulator of intimate relationships and sexual conduct among members of the society (Duncan 669). If same-sex marriages are allowed, this specialness of marriage will be eroded and the youth will no longer aspire to j oin. Duncan laments that a breakdown in the traditional marriage institute will lead to a society where sexual interests trump the interests of a cohesive society (663). Without marriage to regulate sexual conduct, the youth will engage in sexual relations unabated. Support for Gay Marriages and Counterarguments Gay marriages should be allowed so that same-sex couples can enjoy their right to share a fulfilling life with their partners in a legally sanctioned institute that offers some benefits. The marriage institute offers some material and legal benefits to the couple (Peplau and Fingerhut 406). Married couples are able to pool resources and enjoy reduced taxation due to the legal mechanisms in place. The financial wellbeing of married people is therefore higher than that of individuals who are not married. Proponents of same-sex marriage declare that denial of marriage prevents gay couples from fully enjoying these benefits. This claim that marriage accrues benefits to the heter osexual couple is true. However, gay couples can enjoy the same benefits without joining the marriage institute. There are civil unions that enable partners to pool their resources and enjoy benefits similar to those of a married couple. Since same sex couples can enjoy material benefits without the need for marriage, the institute should not be redefined to accommodate them.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Why Gay Marriages should not be Legalized specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Proponents of gay marriages argue that homosexuals have the right to marry since they love each other the same way that heterosexuals do. It is therefore discriminatory for heterosexuals to be allowed to marry while the same privilege is denied to homosexual couples. Research indicates that love and satisfaction experienced within the context of a relationship is similar between gay and heterosexual couples (Peplau and Fingerh ut 405). While it cannot be disputed that same sex couples love each other in the same way that heterosexual couples do, it does not follow necessarily that they should be given the right to marry. Bernheim asserts that love for each other is not the precondition to being given access to the marriage institute since there are rules that dictate what kinds of unions can be recognized a marriage (23). For example, a father cannot be allowed to marry his daughter even if the two can demonstrate that they are deeply in love with each other. Similarly, a man cannot be permitted to marry a woman who is already married since there are laws that prohibit polyandry. Therefore, while gay couples have the right each other, they should not be afforded marriage rights. Proponents of gay marriages point to the increasing support for marriage equality by the general population as a reason why same sex marriages should be allowed. Sullivan documents that according to the Gallup poll, about 70% of A mericans accept gay relationships and believe that gay individuals should not be discriminated against (8). This statistics are contrasted to the opinion in 1999 when only 50% supported homosexuality. While there has been an upward shift in acceptance of gay relationships, this does not equate to support for gay marriages. At the present the public opinion in support of gay marriages is not as high as gay right activists suggest. Bernheim notes that the statistics offered to support gay marriages are grossly exaggerated in order to shift public opinion (28). Conclusion This paper has argued that same-sex marriages should not be allowed since they are disadvantageous to the society. It began by highlighting how gay marriages would threaten the stability of the society by causing a change in the traditional prescription of marriage. The children would also be denied a chance to grow in the most favorable environment. The paper has also documented some of the arguments offered in suppo rt of gay marriages and proceeded to refute them. From the arguments made in this paper, it is clear that a hateful attitude is not what leads to the opposition to gay marriages. Rather, the opposition is driven by the desire to guarantee social stability by preserving the institute of marriage in its traditional form.Advertising Looking for research paper on gender studies? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Works Cited Baunach, Michelle. â€Å"Decomposing Trends in Attitudes Toward Gay Marriage, 1988–2006†. Social Science Quarterly 92.2 (2011): 346-363. Print. Bernheim, Gilles. â€Å"Homosexual Marriage, Parenting, and Adoption†. Journal of Religion Public Life 231.1 (2013): 21-32. Web. Duncan, William. â€Å"The Litigation to Redefine Marriage: Equality and Social Meaning†. Journal of Public Law 18.1 (2005): 623-663. Print. Peplau, Letitia and Fingerhut, Adam. â€Å"The Close Relationships of Lesbians and Gay Men†. Annu. Rev. Psychol. 58.1(2007): 405–24. Web. Sullivan, Andrew. â€Å"The President of the United States Shifted the Mainstream in one Interview†. Newsweek 159.21 (2012): 7-12. Web. This research paper on Why Gay Marriages should not be Legalized was written and submitted by user Brenna Rosario to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

How to Melt Gallium Metal in Your Hand

How to Melt Gallium Metal in Your Hand Gallium is an unusual metal. It does not occur as a pure element in nature, but can be purchased in pure form to be used for some truly amazing science demonstrations. One of the most popular gallium demonstrations is melting gallium in the palm of your hand. Heres how to do the demonstration safely and the explanation for how it works. Melted Gallium Materials pure gallium  plastic gloves (optional) You can buy a chunk of pure gallium for around $20 online. Its safe to use your bare hand for this experiment, but gallium has two properties that may make you wish to wear a pair of disposable gloves. First, gallium metal wets both glass and skin. What this means is the melted metal will leave finely divided gallium particles on your skin, giving it a grayish cast. Its not super-easy to wash off, so you might want to avoid the issue. The other consideration is that gallium attacks other metals. So, if you usually wear a ring, you may want to wear gloves just to make certain no gallium or leftover metal is available to discolor your jewelry. How To Melt Gallium What could be easier? Simply place the piece of gallium in the palm of your hand and let the warmth of your body heat do the work! The melting point of gallium is  29.76 C  (85.57 F), so it will readily melt in your hand or in a very warm room. Expect this to take around 3-5 minutes for a coin-sized piece of metal. When you are done examining the gallium, tilt your hand to allow the metal to flow into a non-metal container. If the container is also warm, the slow cooling will allow you to watch gallium form metal crystals. You can supercool gallium, which is holding it as a liquid above its freezing point. Do this by pouring the liquid gallium into a warm container and keeping it free of vibrations. When you are ready to crystallize the metal, you can jar the container, touch the sample, or seed crystallization by adding a small piece of solid gallium. The metal exhibits an orthorhombic crystal structure. Points To Keep in Mind Gallium may temporarily discolor your skin. This is because it wets skin. Keep in mind this means youll lose a tiny bit of your sample every time you do the demonstration.Some people have reported mild dermatitis (redness, itching, inflammation) from long-term gallium exposure to skin. Basically, this means you should wash your hands after the conclusion of the demonstration.Gallium is not toxic. It is used in pharmaceuticals, so you could probably swallow it and be okay, but its not recommended, plus it would be an expensive snack.Gallium attacks other metals, so do not let it come into contact with jewelry or store it in metal containers.Gallium expands as it cools, so it usually kept in a plastic bag or flexible container rather than glass to avoid any possibility of expansion shattering the container. Also, gallium wets glass, so storing in plastic helps minimize sample loss. Other Elements That Would Melt in Your Hand Gallium is not the only metal that melts into a liquid near room temperature or body temperature. Francium, cesium, and rubidium also would melt in the palm of your hand. However, you seriously dont want to attempt this demonstration with any of them! Francium and cesium are radioactive. Cesium and rubidium react vigorously with water, which basically means they could set your hand on fire. Stick with gallium. Learn More About Gallium If you have gallium to melt in your hand, you may also wish to try the melting spoon trick. In this science magic trick, you either melt a gallium spoon with what appears to be the power of your mind or else you make it seem to disappear in a glass of hot water. Gallium is an interesting metalloid, so you may wish to learn more about the element.

Estimating and Production Decision Making Essay

Estimating and Production Decision Making - Essay Example To get that output, we multiply the mean output per operative week with the size of the gang and efficiency of that gang. For example: For Gang no 1; Mean output per operative week is 0.16, by multiplying this with the size of the gang say 6 and the efficiency of the gang (100%) we get the output per week as 0.16 X 6 X 100% = 0.96. We have calculated the size of the other gangs in the similar way, (assuming output per week of each gang nearer to 0.96, because we have found that cost efficiency is maximum for gang size of 6). The size of the gang thus found is given in red color. .. The size of the gang thus found is given in red color. Gang Number 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Mean output per operative week 0.16 0.21 0.16 0.16 0.12 0.12 0.26 0.16 0.11 0.16 Cost per operative week 320 320 335 300 320 320 335 320 315 315 Overheads per Gang week 210 210 215 200 210 210 215 210 205 205 Size of the gang 6 5 6 6 11 11 4 6 12 6 2. Starting of work of any particular gang We have ensured that the preceding gang has completed more than one unit in the week prior to the week we have started the new gang. 3. We have also ensured that after starting a gang, the preceding acitivity is completed at any stage. Working calculations are in excel